The Looshaus Scandal How Adolf Loos Shocked Vienna

Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria, was outraged: Directly across Michaelerplatz from the Imperial Palace, an upstart architect, Adolf Loos, was building a modern monstrosity. The year was 1909. More than seven centuries went into the creation of the Imperial Palace, also known as the Hofburg. The grandiose Baroque style palace was a vast complex of highly ornamented architecture, including six museums, a national library, government buildings, and the imperial apartments. The entrance, the Michaelertor, is guarded by grandiose statues of Hercules and other heroic figures. And then, steps away from the ornate Michaelertor is the Goldman and Salatsch building. What became known as the Looshaus, this modern building of steel and concrete was a total rejection of the neighborhood palace across the city square. Adolf Loos Controversial Architectural Style Adolf Loos (1870-1933) was a functionalist who believed in simplicity. He had traveled to America and admired the work of Louis Sullivan. When Loos returned to Vienna, he brought with him new modernity in both style and construction. Along with the architecture of Otto Wagner (1841-1918), Loos ushered in what became known as Vienna Moderne (Viennese Modern or Wiener Moderne). The palace people were not happy. Loos felt that lack of ornamentation was a sign of spiritual strength, and his writings include a study about the relation between ornament and crime. ... the evolution of culture marches with the elimination of ornament from useful objects.Adolf Loos, from Ornament Crime The Loos House was simple all right. Like a woman with no eyebrows, people said because the windows lacked decorative details. For a while, window boxes were installed. But this did not solve the deeper problem. The dishes of past centuries, which display all kinds of ornaments to make peacocks, pheasants and lobsters look more tasty, have exactly the opposite effect on me... I am horrified when I go through a cookery exhibition and think that I am meant to eat these stuffed carcasses. I eat roast beef.Adolf Loos, from Ornament Crime A Deeper Problem Behind the Style The deeper problem was that this building was secretive. Baroque architecture such as the neo-Baroque Michaelertor entrance is effusive and revealing. Rooftop statues strike poses to announce what lies inside. In contrast, the gray marble pillars and plain windows on the Loos House said nothing. In 1912, when the building was completed, it was a tailor shop. But there were no symbols or sculptures to suggest clothing or commerce. To observers on the street, the building could just as easily have been a bank. And indeed, it did become a bank in later years. Perhaps there was something foreboding in this — as though the building suggested that Vienna was moving into a troubled, transient world where occupants would stay for only a few years, and then move on. The statue of Hercules at the palace gates appeared to scowl across the cobbled road at the offending building. Some say that even the little dogs, pulling their masters along Michaelerplatz, lifted their noses in disgust. Sources Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays by Adolf LoosThe Looshaus by Christopher Long, Yale University Press, 2012

Essay on Antigone Is a Tragedy by Aristotles Rules

What are Aristotle’s five rules that are necessary to a tragedy? The play Antigone by Sophocles is considered a tragedy. There are five rules created by Aristotle that classify a tragedy. All plays must have catharsis, a tragic hero, a change in fortune within a character, must be poetic, and happen in one location, in one day, and it is all closely related. Two main characters are the king Creon and a girl named Antigone. Antigone is a tragedy because it exhibits and follows all five of Aristotle’s rules. The first rule of Greek tragedy is it must have catharsis. Catharsis is having pity or terror. A character must scare the audience or make the audience feel bad for them. After the play audience must want to lead a better life. In†¦show more content†¦Catharsis is a big part of Antigone and also Greek tragedy. When you want to have a play that is a tragedy, a tragic hero is necessary. This tragic hero must be of high social standing. They must have a tragic f law, something bad in their character, or make a bad decision that ruins a lot of people’s lives. The tragic hero in Antigone is Creon, the king. Creon is of high social standing because he is the king of Thebes. His major tragic flaw is he is arrogant. I will bring her there the path is loneliest, / and hide her alive in a rocky cavern there. I’ll give just enough food as shall suffice†¦ / Perhaps she will win from him escape from death / or at least in that last moment will recognize / her honoring of the dead is a labor lost (833-842) In this quote Creon is making himself look like he is taking charge and punishing Antigone harshly. He is trying to amplify what he plans to do to Antigone. He is being too proud. In reality, though, he did not do these things to the degree he boasts about to Antigone. Creon makes it seem that he is cruel, but he really is not as cruel as he appears. Another time, the prophet is calling Creon out. Yield to the dead man; do not stab him– / now he is gone—what bravery is this, / to inflict another death apon the dead? I mean you well and speak well for your good. It is never sweeter to learn from a good counselor / than when he counsels to your benefit.† (1078-1083) In this quote, the prophet is callingShow MoreRelatedThe Tragic Criteria Present in Antigone by Sophocles861 Words   |  4 Pagesend a tragedy is through conspiracies, love, or hatred. In the story Antigone written by Sophocles, it demonstrates a tragedy filled with consequences to the characters. Antigone shows similarities to Aristotle’s paradigm because of the plot, characterization, and actions that were pursued throughout this story. In Aristotle’s Poetics, he puts his view of how a tragedy should be portrayed to make the concept of it more understandable towards the audience. Through the usages of Aristotle’s criteriaRead MoreAristotle and Nicomachean Ethics1382 Words   |  6 Pageshappiness. By using Sophocless Antigone, I will support Aristotles theory of virtue in which he reasons it to be a state of character between two extremes. A virtue that remains relevant today as it did during Aristotles era is that of courage. By using Aristotles account on what represents the virtue of courage, I will demonstrate how it could be applied to the dilemma the characters of Antigone encounter. Even his definition of justice is based on the notion that rule and legal doctrine should lieRead MoreEssay about Plato and Aristotles Definition of Art1274 Words   |  6 Pageson the matter. Their views were greatly influenced by their metaphysical beliefs, as were most philosophical theories at the time. In investigating the two philosophers’ conceptions, Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone will be the subject on which they’ll be examined critically. In order to grasp Aristotle’s views on art it is important to look at his metaphysics first. However, since his metaphysics are essentially a response to the theories of his teacher, it is central to our examinations to familiarizeRead MoreCreon Is The Tragic Hero Of Antigone734 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Theres nothing, no pain, our lives are paid, in private shame, no public disgrace, nothing I havent seen in your griefs and mine†(Antigone 1-8). The Burial at Thebes is a version of Sophocles’ Antigone translated by Seamus Heaney. Antigone is a tragedy by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles written around 442 BCE. The civil war is over. After the tragic death of the Oedipus, everyone would take the throne from one year to the next. Creon orders Eteocles to be buried with full honors, whileRead MoreComparing Aristotle s The Play Antigone 1066 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the play. Aristotle believed that it took all of these elements to create a good pie ce of literature. The play Antigone by Sophocles contains all of Aristotle’s poetics in one way or another. This review will focus on the elements of plot, character, and melody. Aristotle says that a plot is essential to any story, so of course it must be reviewed. The plot of a Greek tragedy typically has a certain structure. The structure is made up of 5 parts; the prologue, the parode, the episode, theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Antigone And Aristotles Description Of A Classic Hero864 Words   |  4 Pages The tragedy of Antigone is an amazing story of the tragedy that Thebes experienced. At the end of the story one is still left wondering who is the hero and who is the villain. This question has been asked since the story was ever told. After reading the story I am going to explain why Creon best suits the role of hero according to Aristotle’s description of a classic hero. Aristotle wrote six characteristics of a classic hero and I am going to use them to explain why Creon is the hero. TheRead More Pathetic vs Ethical1997 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle’s Poetics is a â€Å"reservoir of the themes and schemes deployed in ancient Greek tragedy and poetry† (Poetics iii). Written around 330 B.C., it was the first work of literature to make a distinction amongst the various literary genres and provide a proper analysis of them. In Poetics, Aristotle places a big emphasis on the genre of tragedy. When one hears of the word tragedy, one already assumes that something bad has occurred to an individual and an immediate emotion of sorrow occurs, butRead MoreHow Does Humanity Still Afford The Time?1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthis is Aristotle. Despite living in a time when not many means were available, he effectively constructed a definition that allows humanity to fully comprehend tragic heroes of drama. Using Aristotle’s criteria, one can identify Sophocles’s antagonist, Creon, as a tragic hero. Creon complies with Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero by possessing high status in his society and being neither all benign nor all evil. He fulfills the first of these requirements by being the king of Thebes. AfterRead MoreCreon as Tragic Hero1586 Words   |  7 PagesTragedy at its Finest In the Greek play Antigone, Creon and Antigone can both be claimed the title of Tragic Hero. Creon was made king when Oedipus Rex fled the kingship. Creon is the brother in law of Oedipus, and was giving the kingship only because Oedipus’s sons, Eteocles and Polyneices were killed trying to fight for the thrown. Antigone is Oedipus’s daughter and Creon’s niece. When it comes down to who the tragic hero is, Creon most definitely walks away with the title. A tragic heroRead MoreCreon: A Tragic Hero in Antigone606 Words   |  2 Pagestragic heros fit perfectly into both categories. In Sophocles’ Antigone, Creon is considered a tragic hero. Creon follows Aristotles definition of a tragic hero by being a noble character by choice, having important potential, and falls due to miscalculations with circumstances that are beyond control. Being noble does not always mean being a ruler, or a member of a royal family. Being noble can mean many other things. In Antigone, Creon becomes a noble character by choice when he slowly and

Malls Are Actually a Haven for Crime Free Essays

Imagine getting out of your car to go shopping at the mall. You do not plan on staying long; you just have some more Christmas shopping that you need to do. You have your budget, your list of items to buy, and you are in a hurry to get it all done by the time the mall closes. We will write a custom essay sample on Malls Are Actually a Haven for Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are proud of yourself for how organized you are. It seems that you have everything planned according to what you need, however, that is not the case.   As you walk into the first store on your list, you reach for your wallet and realize that it is gone. You dig in your pockets, but find no trace. While you were in the mall, someone had stolen your wallet. One thing that you did not plan on was to be a victim of a mall crime. Although malls seem fun and relatively safe, the rate of crime that occurs at malls is growing higher and higher. From credit card theft to sex crimes, the mall is no longer a place that you can stroll through without any worries. The mall is now a haven for crime. In this argument, we will review the amount of crimes that occur in malls, the people who are targeted, and how the crimes may be prevented. Because the rate for crimes in malls seems to be increasing with each year, many people are afraid to go out shopping anymore. Although internet shopping is growing more and more popular, the cost of shipping alone is enough to make you brave your busy mall for those single items that you need. Though the crime rate is high at malls, customers must not forgo their mall experience simply out of fear. On the contrary, they must become more aware of themselves while at the mall and must simply be careful. The amount of crimes that occur in malls is astounding. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for example, there have been twenty-six assaults at the Monroeville mall within the last two years, eleven burglaries at the Station Square mall, nine robberies at the Monroeville mall, three-hundred-fifty-two thefts at the Monroeville mall, ten sex crimes at the Robinson mall, fifteen drug crimes at the Robinson mall and seven gun crimes at the Monroeville mall. These numbers are relatively low compared to statistics throughout the country (www.thepittsburghchannel.com). Mall security and store owners both know that the crime rate is higher when the mall has more visitors. Although large crowds often bring in large amounts of money, they also bring in a larger number of those who are up to no good. A large reason that the crime rate is so high in shopping malls is that, according to www.beverlypd.org, a website designed to prevent mall crime, sixty-five percent of malls are located in high crime areas. Twenty-five percent of malls are located in places that have almost three times more than the national crime risk. Though the statistics are unnerving, knowing who is targeted can help decrease risk of becoming a victim. When it comes to the question of who can be the victim of a mall crime, the answer would be anyone. There are, however, those who are more likely to be victimized. Consequently, according to the U.S. Department of Justice website about victim information (www.ojp.usdoj.gov), the highest rate of victimization is those who are between the ages of twelve and twenty-four. Although elderly theft seems like it would be the highest, possibly due to media influence, the amount of elderly who have been victims of theft has gone down considerably. Young people are seen as being less cautious as old people, thus they may be targeted more than anyone else. They are also less likely to report a crime than older people. Although the rate of mall crime is high with the specific age range, there are steps that anyone can practice the next time they visit the mall. Several tips for shoppers were provided by www.kevincoffee.com and www.signonsandiego.com: 1.Never put your purchases down inside of the mall. They can be snatched before you have time to react. 2.Try to put your purchases in one or two bags, so that you are not juggling them to the point that you are not paying attention to your purse or wallet. 3.Before leaving the mall, make sure that you have your keys out so that you do not have to fumble with them as you are walking to the car. 4. Avoid going to the mall at night. Daylight is your best option. However, if it is unavoidable, then before exiting the mall at night, park your car in a well lit area and when you are through shopping ask a security guard to escort you to your car. You do not know who could be lurking nearby. 5.Put your purchases in the trunk of your car. Nothing is more appealing to a thief than a pile of shopping bags that are visible in a car. While the mall has crime rates that perhaps few people know about, the key to being safe is to know the facts. Everyone deserves the basic right of shopping in the mall without having to worry about being the victim of a crime. It takes effort, however, to gain that right back.   If everyone would follow the basic steps above, a large percentage of the mall crime rate could be decreased. Although the percentages may seem like numbers, remember that every number is simply a representation of a person and that the next time, the person could be you. Read also: Snatch Theft Essay Works Cited Coffey, Kevin. â€Å"Avoiding Pickpockets.† Detective Kevin Coffey. 2006. 11 Dec. 2006 http://www.kevincoffee.com/mall/avoiding_pickpockets.htm. David, Kristina. â€Å"To Make Your Spirits Bright, Avoid Theft.† Sign on Sandiego. 25 Nov. 2006. 11 Dec. 2006 â€Å"Office of Justice Programs.† Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2006. 11 Dec. 2006 â€Å"Local Mall Crime Rates Increase.† The Pittsburgh Channel. 17 Dec. 2006. 11 Dec. 2006 http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/team4/10339095/detail.html. â€Å"Shopping Mall Crime Prevention.† Beverly Pd. 2006. 11 Dec. 2006 http://www.beverlypd.org/pdf/PRIVATE%20BUSINESS%20SAFETY%20TOPICS/SHOPPING%20MALL%20CRIME%20PREVENTION.pdf.                            How to cite Malls Are Actually a Haven for Crime, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsebility Business Embark

Question: Describe about the Corporate Social Responsebility for Business Embark. Answer: Corporate social responsibility is a standard business practice that contemporary businesses embark on to make a statement in todays world and remain competitive. Commonly referred to as corporate responsibility, ethics or accountability, CSR refers to the manner in which companies integrate social and environmental concerns into the operations and running of their business which inevitably leads to transparency and improvement of the society as well as wealth creation for the company (McWilliams, 2000).For corporations that practice it, the major reason is to create an indelible impact on the society and the benefits reverberate back to the director of the corporation and all other stakeholders. It is no wonder then that companies that practice CSR strategies have higher levels of customer satisfaction due to the high standards of customer service, and they also perform better in the market. The idea of benefit the society in one way or another is important to any corporation since it means that the reputation of the company is at stake with the clients, shareholders ,suppliers, NGOs , employees and the community (McWilliams, 2000). According to Aguinis and Glavas, (2012) a corporate social responsibility strategy should engage stakeholders in impacting the society with the business, save cost and take advantage of available opportunities in the market. To do this efficiently he argues that all stakeholders have to be engaged and planning is key to the process. Some companies that are not keen on CSR policies and strategies claim that the shareholders should be the only ones benefit from the enterprise, forgetting that sustainability in the market is important for all corporations. CSR is important in this regard to show the public that they are valuable, they are transparent to the public and that employees are not neglected in the bid to make profits. Consequently, corporate social responsibility ensures business for the corporations that practice it, is sustained. In the short term, Lindgreen and Swaen, (2010) says that CSR aims to deliver profits through revenues generated, satisfied and occupied employees and low capital constraints even though many business critics are opposed to this idea. According to him, long term benefits of CSR are more beneficial to a corporation than short term. In the long term, such policies impact on the culture of the firm, innovation and other business changes that ensure sustainability in the future. CSR therefore has an objective to benefit the society while benefit shareholders and stakeholders of a corporation. Another importance of CSR is to create and maintain the corporations reputation and image in the eyes of the public through minding the community besides making profits. CSR efforts by a company can endear the company to people (Fisher, 2014). This is in regard to what the firm does to benefit the community. The overall effect is that the treatment a firm gives the public translates to sales, investors ,return customers , high employee engagement since people want to work there and referrals and recommendations by customers to other potential customers. Public image is important to a corporation since studies have shown that firms that practice it perform better and they access acquisitions more easily than those who do not. Lastly, they also influence policy makers and their decisions since thy benefit everyone around them (Navi, 2012) Advantages of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for corporations It is clear that the advent of social media has given the masses a voice through which they talk about ethics of businesses and though it many organizations have been accounting for any activities they do. One of the benefits of corporate social responsibility is that it brings in new business and retains the ones that the firm already has. The reason this happens is because humans are naturally inclined to be where they feel appreciated and therefore a company that seems to focus more on the society than its profits, is more likely to attract customers, and build more networks than one that is profit oriented (Aguinis and Glavas, 2012). Consequently, the reputation of the business improves. In the same breath, another benefit is that employees are happy to work in such a positive environment, and thus, they will not leave unless in retirement as employees feel loyal. The corporation also benefits from investors who want to invest and fund the activities of the corporation as a resul t of CSR policies. In addition, a corporation sets itself apart from its competitors through CSR especially when the other firms do not practice it since all stakeholders, shareholders and the public want to be associated with the corporation (Hopkins, 2012). The media also tends to favor corporations that practice CSR due to its ethical implications. Positive publicity is always beneficial to a company. Lastly, in the running of the corporation, it benefits by saving on operational costs through reducing emissions that destroy the environment and risk management of reputation. It also allows for innovation and room for new technologies and learning opportunities since the corporation develops new products from wider scope of business through CSR. Disadvantages of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for corporations There are many reasons why corporate social responsibility is deemed as a loss for corporations. According to Becchetti et al (2012).One of these is that for small corporations that are struggling to succeed financially, social responsibility is a costly activity since the attitude towards CSR is that it is charity that does not add value to the corporation. In addition, CSR strategies reduce competitiveness between small to medium enterprises. The additional costs in environmental programs and reduction in emission will cost more and thus smaller corporations prefer to back out and thus stop competing due to CSR. Thirdly, when companies practice CSR they have to consider the opinion of shareholders before embarking on it and they might be opposed to it due to the involved costs. In conclusion, there are many companies that owe their success to corporate social responsibility. One of these is Nike which has seen a rise in sales and loyalty due to implementing CSR in their operations. References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012, What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), pp.932-968. Becchetti, L., Ciciretti, R., Hasan, I. and Kobeissi, N., 2012, Corporate social responsibility and shareholder's value. Journal of Business Research, 65(11), pp.1628-1635. Carroll, A.B. and Shabana, K.M., 2010, The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp.85-105. Fisher, J.M., 2014, Fairer shores: Tax havens, tax avoidance, and corporate social responsibility. BUL Rev., 94, p.337. Hopkins, M., 2012. The planetary bargain: Corporate social responsibility matters. Routledge. Kanji, G.K. and Chopra, P.K., 2010, Corporate social responsibility in a global economy. Total Quality Management, 21(2), pp.119-143. Lindgreen, A. and Swaen, V., 2010, Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), pp.1-7. Navi, S.T., 2012. Corporate social responsibility.